Analysis of tracer tomography using temporal moments of tracer breakthrough curves     

Junfeng Zhu  Xing Cai  Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh 《Advances in water resources》2009

Hydraulic/partitioning tracer tomography (HPTT) was recently developed by Yeh and Zhu [Yeh T-CJ, Zhu J. Hydraulic/partitioning tracer tomography for characterization of dense nonaqueous phase liquid source zones, Water Resour Res 2007;43:W06435. doi:10.1029/2006WR004877.] for estimating spatial distribution of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface. Since discrete tracer concentration data are directly utilized for the estimation of DNAPLs, this approach solves the hyperbolic convection–dispersion equation. Solution to the convection–dispersion equation however demands fine temporal and spatial discretization, resulting in high computational cost for an HPTT analysis. In this work, we use temporal moments of tracer breakthrough curves instead of discrete concentration data to estimate DNAPL distribution. This approach solves time independent partial differential equations of the temporal moments, and therefore avoids solving the convection–dispersion equation using a time marching scheme, resulting in a dramatic reduction of computational cost. To reduce numerical oscillations associated with convection dominated transport problems such as in inter-well tracer tests, the approach uses a finite element solver adopting the streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin method to calculate moments and sensitivities. We test the temporal moment approach through numerical simulations. Comparing the computational costs between utilizing moments and discrete concentrations, we find that temporal moments significantly reduce the computation time. We also find that tracer moment data collected through a tomographic survey alone are able to yield reasonable estimates of hydraulic conductivity, as indicated by a correlation of 0.588 between estimated and true hydraulic conductivity fields in the synthetic case study.  相似文献   

辽宁雾预报区的划分初探   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

邢江月  邢婉茹  唐亚平  李岚  孙婧  息涛  宋艳秋 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(5):31-35

分析了1997—2006年辽宁境内能见度小于1000 m雾的时空分布特征。结果表明：就雾发生的频率而言,辽宁存在两个高值区和两个低值区,高值区分别位于黄海北部沿岸至辽宁东部山区和锦州北部至阜新一带,低值区分别位于辽宁中北部平原以及朝阳地区。从雾的日变化上看,近86%的雾出现在夜间,近69%的雾出现在02-08时,且多为辐射雾。地域不同但气候条件相近时,雾的日变化与雾发生的次数存在极其相似的特点。依据相似的地理环境和气候条件、雾的日变化特征以及雾发生次数等,将辽宁划分为5个预报区,对雾采取分区预报,以提高雾预报的准确率。  相似文献   

西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区地下卤水钾、镁、锂、硼的时空变化特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

马东旭  马海州  高东林  张西营  唐启亮  衡亮  鲁娟昌 《盐湖研究》2009,17(3):17-22

分析了西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区地下卤水中K、Mg、B2O3、Li等4种组分的时空变化特征。结果表明,它们在矿区西北部表现出明显的高值且基本不随时间而变化,这很可能与该区域原始卤水成分有关。由于地表水对地下卤水的淡化作用,这些组分在南部或西南部表现为低值。观测时段的中后期,四种组分的变化较显著,显示出采卤活动对其变化产生了影响。B2O3的高值区主要呈N-W-SE向带状分布,这似乎与该地区的构造背景密切相关。  相似文献   

基于景观结构变化的青海湖流域湿地空间分析     

陈克龙  朵海瑞  李准  杨龙 《湿地科学与管理》2009,5(4):36-39

以青海湖流域为研究区域,以遥感影像为主要信息源,以景观指数为空间分析方法,从流域和县域两级水平对青海湖流域1977-2000年湿地景观变化进行空间分析。结果表明:近30年青海湖流域湿地面积净减少101247hm2,斑块数目增加了1099个,破碎程度明显增加,分离度呈上升趋势,分维数逐渐变小趋近于1,人类活动的加剧导致青海湖流域湿地景观空间结构变化。  相似文献   

不同时间尺度、季节的气温数据空间平稳特征及其对插值结果的影响     

郭春霞  诸云强  孙伟 《地理研究》2015,34(9):1675-1684

不同时间尺度、季节的气温数据表现出不同的空间平稳特征。为探讨分析空间平稳性对气温插值的影响规律,采用趋势线法对气温数据进行空间平稳性探索,并对比分析不同空间平稳性条件下,普通线性回归、普通克里格、回归克里格的气温插值精度及插值结果的空间分布特点。结果显示：冬季日均、月均气温与年均气温呈现空间非平稳,插值精度随时间序列的增长而提高,随着气温数据逐渐趋于稳定,精度提高的幅度逐渐下降;夏季日均、月均气温呈现空间平稳,随时间序列的增长,插值精度的提高并不显著;夏季日均气温各插值方法的插值精度普遍高于冬季日均气温。与普通克里格相比,回归克里格能有效提高空间非平稳数据的插值精度。时间序列的增长削弱了不同插值算法之间的插值精度差异和插值结果空间分布差异。  相似文献   

不同因素对人工岛波浪绕射影响研究     

于定勇  李龙 《海洋工程》2017,35(1):105-111

为研究人工岛尺度变化和波浪方向分布对人工岛绕射波浪的影响,基于MIKE21-BW模型应用数值方法模拟人工岛波浪绕射过程。数值结果与Briggs等的物理试验结果的对比表明两者吻合较好,验证了模型的适用性。在规则波条件时,圆形人工岛绕射波浪的数值结果与线性波浪绕射理论解基本一致;采用该模型分别模拟了6种尺度的圆形人工岛、单向不规则波和9种方向分布θ_(max)、4种谱峰周期条件时绕射波浪分布情况。分析结果表明,圆形人工岛绕射系数随着尺度的增加,掩护区绕射系数随之减小;θ_(max)在10°~45°范围内,随着θmax的增大,绕射系数随之增大,θ_(max)在45°~75°内绕射系数变化较小;随着谱峰周期的增加,绕射系数随之增大。研究成果既为相关规范的完善提供了基础,也为相关工程设计提供了参考。  相似文献   

Modelling the runoff-sediment yield relationship using a proportional function in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Zheng Mingguo  Cai Qiangguo  Cheng Qinjuan   《Geomorphology》2008,93(3-4):288-301

Based on data observed at the 12 small watersheds in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China, the relationship between event runoff volume and sediment yield is examined. The results reveal that the runoff-sediment yield relationship at the inter-event timescale is mainly determined by the runoff-sediment concentration relationship at the intra-event timescale. In the study area, the sediment concentration tends to be stable when the flow discharge exceeds a certain critical value. Many factors that are important for determining the characteristics of low-magnitude events, such as flow discharge, particle size of fluvial sediment, and accumulation of loose material on land surfaces prior to a rainstorm, appear to have little importance for high-magnitude events. Consequently, mean sediment concentration tends to be stable for large flood events, suggesting a strong similarity between the two flow-sediment relationships at inter-and intra-event temporal scales. Furthermore, a proportional function is proposed to predict event sediment yield, and the correspondence between the predicted and observed sediment yields is examined. The performance of the model is good for high-magnitude events, especially extreme events. The applicability of the proposed model at the annual timescale is also discussed.  相似文献   

A Queer Country? A case study of the politics of gay/lesbian belonging in an Australian country town     

Andrew Gorman-Murray  Gordon Waitt  Chris Gibson 《The Australian geographer》2008,39(2):171-191

The present paper examines the complex politics of gay/lesbian belonging through a case study of Daylesford, Victoria, an Australian country town. It contributes to two research bodies: gay/lesbian rural geographies and the politics of belonging. Daylesford hosts ChillOut, Australia's largest rural gay/lesbian festival, which provides a telling context for investigating gay/lesbian belonging in rural Australia. We use qualitative data from the 2006 ChillOut Festival, including interviews with local residents, newspaper commentaries, and visitors’ surveys, to explore how Daylesford has been constructed, imagined, and experienced as a ‘unique’ site of gay/lesbian belonging in rural Australia. We find that ChillOut crucially contributes to its wider reputation as a gay-friendly country town, but also, we argue, to the contested nature of gay/lesbian belonging. This was most powerfully demonstrated by the local council's refusal to fly the gay-identified rainbow flag on the Town Hall during the 2006 Festival and its subsequent banning of the display of all festival flags from that key public building. Because ChillOut was the catalyst for this protocol, the resolution was viewed as homophobic. Indeed, the homophobic and heterosexist rhetoric that ensued in the Letters to the Editor section of the local newspaper revealed some residents’ underlying antagonism towards ChillOut and the local gay/lesbian community. Moreover, appealing to a shared ‘Australian identity’ and associated normative ‘family values’, these letter writers deployed a multi-scalar politics of belonging, where a sense of gay/lesbian belonging to Daylesford at the local scale was contested by the assertion of a ‘more meaningful’ national scale of allegiance fashioned by heteronormativity.  相似文献   

青藏高原北部地区b值短临异常特征     

张颖  李春燕  肖丽珠 《华南地震》2005,25(2):51-61

在青藏高原北部地区活动地块划分的基础上,以地块为研究单元,对1970年以来的b值进行全时空扫描,以研究其短临时间特征,结果表明,虽然受地域和地质构造的影响,各地块b值的短临异常与5级地震的对应率不同,但绝大多数地块的6值正、负异常起始时间、最大(最小)值时间和结束时间通常出现在震前1-6个月内。对其结果统计检验,本地块R≥R97.%的合格率为93％,内邻地块合计R≥R97.5%的合格率为100％,可信度检验率较高。  相似文献   

辽宁省雷暴日数的时空变化特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

孙丽  于淑琴  李岚  唐亚平  刘晓娜  息涛 《气象与环境学报》2010,26(1):59-53

利用1978—2007年辽宁59个站常规地面观测资料,对雷暴日数的时空变化进行分析。结果表明：辽宁省年平均雷暴日数为28.1 d,在空间分布上呈现从东、西部山区向中部丘陵、平原及沿海地区逐渐递减的特征。1978—2007年雷暴日数总体呈逐渐下降趋势,平均每10 a下降1.2 d;并且有明显的季、月变化,夏季最多,秋季次之,冬季几乎没有发生;3—5月迅速增多,6—8月变化趋于平稳,9—12月迅速减少。雷暴在14—20时发生频率最高,20—02时次之,02—08时最少。雷暴初终间日数平均为175.8 d,最长为295 d,最短为102 d。雷暴初日4月最多,5月次之,3月最少。雷暴终日10月最多,9月次之,12月最少。并呈开始早,结束晚的趋势。  相似文献